Fluency in reading is defined as which of the following?

Fluency in reading is characterized by the ability to read texts with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. This entails not only reading words correctly but also doing so at a natural pace that reflects understanding of text structure and phrasing. When a reader is fluent, they can focus more on comprehension rather than decoding each word individually, allowing for a smoother reading experience and increased engagement with the material.

The emphasis on proper expression communicates that a fluent reader understands the nuances of language, such as intonation and emotional impact, which enhances the overall reading experience. This contrasts with the other options. While understanding complex texts and writing effectively are important literacy skills, they do not define reading fluency itself. Similarly, memorizing and reciting text verbatim may show a form of recall but does not involve the nuance of fluency, which integrates reading speed and expressive interpretation.