Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting laws and has the final authority on constitutional matters?

The correct answer is the judicial branch, which is primarily responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring that they align with the Constitution. This branch includes the court system, where judges and juries examine cases to determine the meaning of laws and their applications in various situations.

One of the key roles of the judicial branch is to review laws passed by the legislative branch and actions taken by the executive branch to ensure compliance with the Constitution. When conflicts arise regarding laws or their interpretation, it is the courts that hold the authority to make final decisions. This process is known as judicial review, which was established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison. The judicial branch's power to interpret laws also protects the rights of individuals, ensuring that no laws violate constitutional rights and principles.

The other branches of government have distinct roles: the executive branch enforces laws, and the legislative branch creates laws. The concept of checks and balances ensures that no single branch can overreach its authority, but ultimately, it is the judicial branch that has the final say on constitutional questions.