Which document outlined arguments for the independence of the colonies?

The document that outlined arguments for the independence of the colonies is "Common Sense" by Thomas Paine. This pamphlet, published in 1776, played a vital role in shaping public opinion in favor of independence from British rule. Paine presented compelling arguments advocating for the colonies' right to self-govern and highlighted the absurdity of monarchical rule, urging colonists to consider their situation critically. His clear and persuasive writing made the abstract ideas of freedom and independence accessible to a wide audience, accelerating the desire for independence among colonists.

In contrast, the other documents mentioned serve different purposes. The Federalist Papers were a series of essays written to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution, focusing on the structure of government rather than independence. The Treaty of Paris marked the official end of the Revolutionary War and recognized American independence but did not argue for it. The Constitution established the framework of the U.S. government and came after the independence movement, rather than advocating for it.